Showing posts with label Zao. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Zao. Show all posts

What's Tohoku in Japan_3?

[kokeshi description]
  • artisan : Tsunekichi Abe
  • type : traditional Zao
  • tall : 15cm(6inch)
  • max width : 8cm(3inch)

Isabella Bird's View of Tohoku

Isabella Lucy Bird says in her author,"Unbeaten Tracks in Japan"(below *notes marked by me),
The plain of Yonezawa(*town in Tohoku),with the prosperous town of Yonezawa in the south,and the frequented watering-place of Akayu(*spa spot in Tohoku) in the north,is a perfect garden of Eden,"tilled with a pencil instead of a plough,"growing in rich profusion rice,cotton,maize,tobacco,hemp,indigo,beans,egg-plants,walnuts,melons,cucumbers,persimmons,apricots,pomegranates;a smiling and plenteous land,an Asiatic Arcadia,...(LETTER XVIII)
Of-course,she doesn't blindly praise them.She also write much about the situation of poor peasants or wretched places "every daimiyo'(*local lord) town that I have seen has an air of decay"(LETTER XIX).But,
Shinjo(*town in Tohoku) has a large trade in rice, silk,and hemp,and ought not to be as poor as it looks(LETTER XIX)
I can see rugged people of the day in Tohoku in it.And when I read this book,"the scales fell from my eyes" - "the scales" for me was my "pre-existing bias" - the bias of "poor and pitiable Tohoku".Surely "tilled with a pencil instead of a plough",but this was common landscape in other regions in Japan as well.She described some shops provided "villainous forgeries of European eatables and drinkables" in Tohoku,but it even gave me a surprise - they had some knowledge about European food or drink even in rustic Tohoku- although "they would be hurtful enough" - although I also agree to this.

I think her view is relatively objective because she didn't need to have the same "scales" just as we have.So I conclude - "Tohoku was poor,but it was as poor as the other regions".

Then,why they suffered from starving later? - there are many analysis by authorities,but roughly speaking,"the government didn't put a priority on 'welfare' in the broad sense of the term -  including improvement of regional gap or adjustment of industrial structure" - although it is another matter whether such policy was feasible or not at that time.

True Intent of My Boss

"Poor Tohoku" - the reason why I talked about it is not simply because of complaint about unfair treatment - most modern people in Tohoku even seem lack of concern -,but rather because of "defogger" - which enables us to see it clearly and even to offer new insight into it.In that sense,Isabella Bird'book expanded my knowledge about old Tohoku - such as the custom of 'Touji',hot spring cure or aspect of old Japanese inns - first of all,she visited many places where I haven't visited yet! 

Anyway,there was a sequel to my boss's joke.After our wedding ceremony,I asked him -he got much drunk - "was your joke a little risky,wasn't it?"

He replied,"Sure,but that was the result of consideration.I often hear some Aizu people still dislike Yamaguchi people.If I had kept my mouth shut about my hometown,and they had been told from the others about it,what would have happened?" I said,"I don't know".


he acted as if he fell himself to the ground."they might have bawled at me 'you,coward!'and cut me with katana,Japanese sword" - apart from his drunk clowning,he made consideration accordingly.And he added,"cause...Aizu was the region of 'Bushido' - yes,Aizu was famous for its strict Bushido,the precept of samurai,warrior.

I said,"hmm,I see.But if they had raged about your joke,what would you have done?"
He said to me with a grin "you already said,'I commit Seppuku!'.Maybe they would accept it because you-and-me is subordinate-boss relationship.And Bushido values 'loyalty to master'".

He already prepared his risk-hedge! - too regretfully,I should have said another precept of Bushido to him.

"But Bushido also says,'if your master is stupid and unreasonable,you should rectify him'". 

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"Stout" Kokeshi -Zao Kokeshi

Background of Zao

Mount Zao is an interesting and exciting area - first,as an outdoor recreation spot and second,as a historic district in Tohoku,Japan.

You can enjoy a variety of kind of outdoor recreation there - bicycling,camping,lake canoeing,river fishing,trekking,and climbing in summer,skating and skiing in winter.Of-course,after your recreation,you can relax in onsen(hot spa).

Another aspect of Mount Zao is "sacred mountain".It is one of the bases of an ancient Japanese religion,"Shugendo",whose practitioners do intensely ascetic practice in the deep in the mountains.The name "Zao" comes from the God name of Shugendo(*).

(accurately,the God name is "Zao-Gongen",which has both aspects of God and Buddha -it is because Shugendo itself has both aspects as a religion.In addition,its practitioners had played an important role in Japanese history -I'll discuss it another time.)

According to a lore,the beginning of onsen(hot spa) was early 2th -is that really?But even though it is rather overstated,it's sure that its area was opened up in the early time based on many remains and monuments.

The beginning of kokeshi production was in the close of the 19th,deliberately promoted on commercial basis - a souvenir shop owner sent one of his sons to Togatta,preceding kokeshi production area in order to master kokeshi,then he started selling them as a new souvenir product.It became a big hit - What a stout commercial spirit!And Its stout spirit is shown in their kokeshi.

Stocky Kokeshi


This is a picture of kokeshi.The type is a traditional Zao kokeshi.The artisan is Tsunekichi Abe.The tall is 30cm,12inch,the max width is 9cm,3.5inch,the max circumference is 27cm,11inch.

[kokeshi description]

  • artisan : Tsunekichi Abe
  • type : Traditional Zao
  • tall : 30cm(12inch)
  • max width : 9cm(3.5inch)
  • max circumference : 27cm(11inch)

Zao kokeshi originally comes from Togatta kokeshi.But Afterwards,many other area's artisans migrated there,and it formed unique characteristics.Don't you think this doll is rather stocky?This is the most characteristic of Zao kokeshi.

The second is drooping nose.I think his nose is cute.This is in contrast to Togatta kokeshi,its parent -inverted-v nose.Actually,Togatta had originally such drooping noses,and afterwards they were given "rhinoplasty surgery",whereas Zao's remains.I think he must run away from the surgery just as I used to runaway from an injection in my childhood.

By the way,he seems to be somewhat awkward -because of floral-print dress.So,I'm so sorry,he might be not a boy,but a girl!Anyway,she seems as if she was forced to put on Sunday best - this floral pattern is the artisan's own style and it gives some humorousness.It reminds me of my childhood - my parents bought Sunday best for my entrance ceremony at elementary school,which was far from looking good on brat me.

Porter and Stout


This picture focuses on head part of the first picture.

There was a big and heavy stone monument on one of the peaks in Mount Zao,called "Mt.Ganto",1485m(4872ft) high.According to a lore,it weighs about 140kg(308lbs),it was brought by a mountain porter.Is that really? but it's sure there was many mountain porters in the past in Japan.They were stocky and stout,and often big drinkers - unfortunately,although they had little chance to enjoy porter and stout.The frame of Zao kokeshi give me the image of them.Maybe their artisans have crafted them with their wish for their children's strong growth like such mountain porters.And as for me,I go to gym with wish for losing my beer gut!


 

 

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Tsuchiyu kokeshi (1)

Ten Major Areas of Traditional Kokeshi

There are 10 types in traditional kokeshi(cf."Type of traditional-kokeshi.Each type has been generally developed on each production area.So,each type is named after the name of its production area.Below is the list of them.

  1. Tsuchiyu (土湯)
  2. Yajiro (弥次郎)
  3. Togatta (遠刈田)
  4. Naruko (鳴子)
  5. Yamagata (山形)
  6. Zao (蔵王)
  7. Hiziori (肘折)
  8. Kijiyama (木地山)
  9. Hanamaki (花巻)
  10. Nuruyu (温湯)
This is the map showing all production areas.


Large traditional-kokeshi mapDisplay

The above map indicates almost all Tohoku region-Fukushima (福島),Miyagi (宮城)(above is marked Sendai(仙台)),Yamagata (山形),Iwate (岩手),Akita (秋田),and Aomori (青森).All are onsen spots as well.

(Niigata (新潟) is not included in Tohoku.)

Background of Tsuchiyu

First of all,I will talk about "Tsuchiyu kokeshi".You can know the overview of Tsuchiyu from the site "the Tsuchiyu".Might I add,it had some historical background below.

  • a major base of transportation which led to big cities of the day in Tohoku
  • a vibrant town with many amusements including nightlife
  • a town with attractive culture brought from Edo and Kyoto

These factors enabled Tsuchiyu to product kokeshi early in Japan.

Later on,it was replaced as a major town along with other areas development in Tohoku.And worse,some terrible disasters caused its decline.But now it still remains as one of popular spa spots in Tohoku.

Next Time I will talk about the characteristics of Tsuchiyu kokeshi.

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